الرئيسية
أحدث الصور
Grammar
The
Past Simple & Continuous & Perfect Tenses
زمن الماضى
البسيط و المستمر و التام
1) The Past Simple
Tense :زمن الماضى البسيط
Ü التكوين :
* هو التصريف
الثانى للفعل .
Ex:
- She went to the cinema with her friends.
- I played football with my brothers.
Ü الاستخدام :
* يستخدم زمن
الماضى البسيط للتعبير عن الآتى :
1- يعبر عن حدث
بدأ وانتهى فى الماضى .
Ex:
- We saw the film
two days ago.
2- يعبر عن أحداث قصة .
Ex:
- Once, I saw an
old poor man walking in the street. He asked me to ………
3- للتعبير عن عادة أو موقف فى الماضى .
Ex:
- When I was young, I
played football everyday.
Note
The Following
* عند إستخدام ( used to ) فى جملة بها ( when ) .... تدخل used to على الجملة الثانية التى لا يوجد بهاwhen ثم يأتى بعدها المصدر .
Ex:
* When he was young, he walked to school everyday. ( used to )
Þ When he was young, he used to walk to school everyday.
* من الممكن أيضا للتعبير عن عادة إستخدام got into the habit of + ( v + ing )
was in the habit of + ( v + ing )
Ex:
* When he was young, he walked
to school everyday. ( in the habit
of )
Þ When he was young, he was ( got ) in the habit of
walking to school everyday.
Ü الكلمات الدالة
على زمن الماضى البسيط :
once & once upon a
time & one day & yesterday
ago & last &
in the past & in the ancient times
in
+ (
تاريخ ) & from + ( تاريخ ) + to + ( تاريخ )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
The Past Continuous Tense : زمن الماضى المستمر
Ü التكوين :
* يتكون من : ( was / were ) + ( v + ing )
Ü الكلمات
الدالة على زمن الماضى المستمر :
( While & As & Just as
& When & all + فترة
زمنية ماضية )
Exs:
* I was lying on the beach all
day yesterday.
* While he was eating, my mother called him.
While
As ( ماضى مستمر ) ( ماضى بسيط )
Just
as
while
( ماضى بسيط )
as ( ماضى مستمر )
just as
* تستخدم هذه
القاعدة عندما يكون هناك حدث قصير قطع حدث طويل .
Exs:
- While he was playing,
he fell down.
- The phone rang while
he was watching the film.
While
As ( ماضى مستمر ) ( ماضى مستمر )
Just
as
while
( ماضى مستمر )
as ( ماضى مستمر )
just as
* تستخدم هذه
القاعدة عندما يقع الحدثان فى وقت واحد ( أى لم يقطع أحدهم الآخر ) .
Exs:
- While she was reading
a story, they were watching TV.
- She was talking on her
mobile phone while she was driving.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note The Following
* إذا لم يأتى بعد ( while ) فاعل --------<< يأتى بعدها ( v + ing ) .
Ex:
- While
eating, the phone rang.
- While
running, he fell down.
* يأتى بعد ( During )... اسم .
During + ( Noun ) + ( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
- During
my visit to Alex, I saw Nadia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* عند التحويل من ( During ) إلى ( While ) ... نتبع
الخطوات التالية :
1- يحول ضمير
الملكية إلى ضمير فاعل .
لاحظ :
- إذا لم نجد فى الجملة ضمير ملكية
... نستعين بفاعل الجملة الأخرى .
2- نضع ( was / were ) .
3- نضع ( v + ing ) من الاسم .
Ex:
* During my visit to Alex, I
saw Nadia. ( While )
Þ While I was visiting Alex, I saw Nadia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When ( ماضى بسيط ) ( ماضى مستمر )
( ماضى مستمر
) When
( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
- When I ran into an
old friend, I was walking down the street.
- I was reading a story when
my father arrived.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* من الممكن أن تحل ( On ) محل ( When ) .... ويأتى بعدها ( noun OR
v+ing )
Ex:
* When my father arrived, I
was studying. ( On )
Þ On my father’s arrival, I was studying.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note The Following
* لا يستخدم زمن الماضى المستمر مع الآتى :
1- الأحداث
المتكررة فى الماضى .
Ex:
- We visited our village three
times last year.
2-
المواقف الدائمة أو ذات المدى الطويل .
Ex:
- When I was a child, I played
tennis.
- لا يستخدم مع أفعال الحواس والشعور والادراك وأفعال
أخرى .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Past Perfect Tense
زمن الماضى التام
* يتكون من :
Had
+ ( P.P. )
* الاستخدام :
- يستخدم زمن
الماضى البسيط للتعبير عن حدثين حدثا فى الماضى
... أحدهما حدث قبل الآخر ... نضع
الحدث الأول فى زمن الماضى التام ... ونضع الحدث الثانى فى زمن الماضى
البسيط .
Note
The Following
After (
Past Perfect ) ( Past Simple )
As soon as ماضى تام ماضى بسيط
Because ( حدث أول ) ( حدث ثانى )
( Past Simple ) after ( Past Perfect )
ماضى بسيط as soon as ماضى تام
( حدث ثانى ) because
( حدث أول )
Exs:
- After I had played
the match, I went home.
- As soon as I had done
my homework, I ironed my clothes.
- The teacher was angry because
we hadn’t done the homework.
- I had done my homework when
I had come home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When ( Past
Simple ) ( Past
Simple )
ماضى بسيط ماضى بسيط
* تطبق هذه
القاعدة :
- إذا تم
الحدثان فى نفس الوقت ( أى بدون فاصل زمنى ) .
Ex:
- When Ali saw the
lion, he shouted for help.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
لاحظ :
* من الممكن أن يأتى بعد ( when ) .... ( ماضى
بسيط ) .... ( ماضى تام ) .
* ومن الممكن أيضا أن يأتى بعد ( when ) .... ( ماضى
تام ) .... ( ماضى بسيط ) .
} ولكن يكون
الإختلاف فى المعنى {
Ex:
* When the doctor arrived, the
patient had died.
( The patient died before the doctor arrived)
* When the doctor arrived, the
patient died.
( The patient died the moment the doctor
arrived )
لاحـــظ :
* من الممكن أن يأتى بعد ( when ) ... ثلاثة أفعال ... نضع الحدث
الأول فى زمن الماضى التام ... والحدثين الآخرين فى زمن الماضى البسيط .
Ex:
-
When she returned home she found out that
someone had stolen her jewellery.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before ( Past Simple ) ( Past Perfect )
By the time ( ماضى بسيط )
(ماضى تام )
( Past Perfect ) before (
Past Simple )
(ماضى تام
) by the time ( ماضى بسيط )
Exs:
-
By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had
started.
-
The pupils had entered their classes by the
time Ali arrived at school.
-
Before I took the medicine, I had had a meal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( Past Simple ‘negative’ ) till (
Past Perfect )
( ماضى بسيط منفى ) ( ماضى تام )
( didn’t
) + ( التصريف الأول ) until
Exs:
-
I didn’t answer the question until I had
understood it carefully.
-
She didn’t play the match till she had
trained well.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No sooner than
Hardly + had + (
الفاعل ) + ( p.p. ) + ….
+ when + ( الفاعل ) + (
ماضى بسيط )
Scarcely ( حدث أول ) when ( حدث ثانى )
Exs:
-
No sooner had we finished our exams than we
traveled to Alex.
-
Hardly had they known the news when they phoned me.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
no sooner than
( الفاعل ) + had + hardly + ( p.p.) + …. + when + ( الفاعل ) + (
ماضى بسيط )
scarcely when
Ex:
-
He had no sooner left the house than it
began to rain.
-
He had hardly left the house when it
began to rain.
Note The Following
* يأتى بعد ( After ) أو ( Before ) Ü ( v + ing ) .... إذا لم
يأتى بعدهم فاعل .
Exs:
* After he had played the match, he went home. ( playing )
Þ After playing the match, he went home.
* Before he killed the man, he bought a big knife. ( Killing )
Þ Before killing the man, he bought a big knife.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* من الممكن أن تحل ( Having ) بدلا من ( After ) ... وتكون
القاعدة كالآتى :
Having
+ ( p.p. ) + …….. + ( فاعل ) + ( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
* After he had finished his work, he went out. ( Having )
Þ Having finished his work, he went home.
---------------------------------------------------------
Immediately on + ( V + ing ) / ( Noun )
Ex:
* He had hardly arrived when the phone rang. ( Immediately )
Þ Immediately on his arrival, the phone rang.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The
Past Simple & Continuous & Perfect Tenses
زمن الماضى
البسيط و المستمر و التام
1) The Past Simple
Tense :زمن الماضى البسيط
Ü التكوين :
* هو التصريف
الثانى للفعل .
Ex:
- She went to the cinema with her friends.
- I played football with my brothers.
Ü الاستخدام :
* يستخدم زمن
الماضى البسيط للتعبير عن الآتى :
1- يعبر عن حدث
بدأ وانتهى فى الماضى .
Ex:
- We saw the film
two days ago.
2- يعبر عن أحداث قصة .
Ex:
- Once, I saw an
old poor man walking in the street. He asked me to ………
3- للتعبير عن عادة أو موقف فى الماضى .
Ex:
- When I was young, I
played football everyday.
Note
The Following
* عند إستخدام ( used to ) فى جملة بها ( when ) .... تدخل used to على الجملة الثانية التى لا يوجد بهاwhen ثم يأتى بعدها المصدر .
Ex:
* When he was young, he walked to school everyday. ( used to )
Þ When he was young, he used to walk to school everyday.
* من الممكن أيضا للتعبير عن عادة إستخدام got into the habit of + ( v + ing )
was in the habit of + ( v + ing )
Ex:
* When he was young, he walked
to school everyday. ( in the habit
of )
Þ When he was young, he was ( got ) in the habit of
walking to school everyday.
Ü الكلمات الدالة
على زمن الماضى البسيط :
once & once upon a
time & one day & yesterday
ago & last &
in the past & in the ancient times
in
+ (
تاريخ ) & from + ( تاريخ ) + to + ( تاريخ )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2)
The Past Continuous Tense : زمن الماضى المستمر
Ü التكوين :
* يتكون من : ( was / were ) + ( v + ing )
Ü الكلمات
الدالة على زمن الماضى المستمر :
( While & As & Just as
& When & all + فترة
زمنية ماضية )
Exs:
* I was lying on the beach all
day yesterday.
* While he was eating, my mother called him.
While
As ( ماضى مستمر ) ( ماضى بسيط )
Just
as
while
( ماضى بسيط )
as ( ماضى مستمر )
just as
* تستخدم هذه
القاعدة عندما يكون هناك حدث قصير قطع حدث طويل .
Exs:
- While he was playing,
he fell down.
- The phone rang while
he was watching the film.
While
As ( ماضى مستمر ) ( ماضى مستمر )
Just
as
while
( ماضى مستمر )
as ( ماضى مستمر )
just as
* تستخدم هذه
القاعدة عندما يقع الحدثان فى وقت واحد ( أى لم يقطع أحدهم الآخر ) .
Exs:
- While she was reading
a story, they were watching TV.
- She was talking on her
mobile phone while she was driving.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note The Following
* إذا لم يأتى بعد ( while ) فاعل --------<< يأتى بعدها ( v + ing ) .
Ex:
- While
eating, the phone rang.
- While
running, he fell down.
* يأتى بعد ( During )... اسم .
During + ( Noun ) + ( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
- During
my visit to Alex, I saw Nadia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* عند التحويل من ( During ) إلى ( While ) ... نتبع
الخطوات التالية :
1- يحول ضمير
الملكية إلى ضمير فاعل .
| ضمائر الملكية | ضمائر الفاعل |
| My & His & Her & Its Our & Their & Your | I & He & She & It We & They & you |
لاحظ :
- إذا لم نجد فى الجملة ضمير ملكية
... نستعين بفاعل الجملة الأخرى .
2- نضع ( was / were ) .
3- نضع ( v + ing ) من الاسم .
Ex:
* During my visit to Alex, I
saw Nadia. ( While )
Þ While I was visiting Alex, I saw Nadia.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When ( ماضى بسيط ) ( ماضى مستمر )
( ماضى مستمر
) When
( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
- When I ran into an
old friend, I was walking down the street.
- I was reading a story when
my father arrived.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* من الممكن أن تحل ( On ) محل ( When ) .... ويأتى بعدها ( noun OR
v+ing )
Ex:
* When my father arrived, I
was studying. ( On )
Þ On my father’s arrival, I was studying.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note The Following
* لا يستخدم زمن الماضى المستمر مع الآتى :
1- الأحداث
المتكررة فى الماضى .
Ex:
- We visited our village three
times last year.
2-
المواقف الدائمة أو ذات المدى الطويل .
Ex:
- When I was a child, I played
tennis.
- لا يستخدم مع أفعال الحواس والشعور والادراك وأفعال
أخرى .
| * agree * contain * hope * dislike * realize * taste | * assume * cost * know * love * regret * touch | * believe * feel * like * own * resemble | * belong to * hate * look * prefer * smell |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Past Perfect Tense
زمن الماضى التام
* يتكون من :
Had
+ ( P.P. )
* الاستخدام :
- يستخدم زمن
الماضى البسيط للتعبير عن حدثين حدثا فى الماضى
... أحدهما حدث قبل الآخر ... نضع
الحدث الأول فى زمن الماضى التام ... ونضع الحدث الثانى فى زمن الماضى
البسيط .
Note
The Following
After (
Past Perfect ) ( Past Simple )
As soon as ماضى تام ماضى بسيط
Because ( حدث أول ) ( حدث ثانى )
( Past Simple ) after ( Past Perfect )
ماضى بسيط as soon as ماضى تام
( حدث ثانى ) because
( حدث أول )
Exs:
- After I had played
the match, I went home.
- As soon as I had done
my homework, I ironed my clothes.
- The teacher was angry because
we hadn’t done the homework.
- I had done my homework when
I had come home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When ( Past
Simple ) ( Past
Simple )
ماضى بسيط ماضى بسيط
* تطبق هذه
القاعدة :
- إذا تم
الحدثان فى نفس الوقت ( أى بدون فاصل زمنى ) .
Ex:
- When Ali saw the
lion, he shouted for help.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
لاحظ :
* من الممكن أن يأتى بعد ( when ) .... ( ماضى
بسيط ) .... ( ماضى تام ) .
* ومن الممكن أيضا أن يأتى بعد ( when ) .... ( ماضى
تام ) .... ( ماضى بسيط ) .
} ولكن يكون
الإختلاف فى المعنى {
Ex:
* When the doctor arrived, the
patient had died.
( The patient died before the doctor arrived)
* When the doctor arrived, the
patient died.
( The patient died the moment the doctor
arrived )
لاحـــظ :
* من الممكن أن يأتى بعد ( when ) ... ثلاثة أفعال ... نضع الحدث
الأول فى زمن الماضى التام ... والحدثين الآخرين فى زمن الماضى البسيط .
Ex:
-
When she returned home she found out that
someone had stolen her jewellery.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before ( Past Simple ) ( Past Perfect )
By the time ( ماضى بسيط )
(ماضى تام )
( Past Perfect ) before (
Past Simple )
(ماضى تام
) by the time ( ماضى بسيط )
Exs:
-
By the time I arrived at the cinema, the film had
started.
-
The pupils had entered their classes by the
time Ali arrived at school.
-
Before I took the medicine, I had had a meal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( Past Simple ‘negative’ ) till (
Past Perfect )
( ماضى بسيط منفى ) ( ماضى تام )
( didn’t
) + ( التصريف الأول ) until
Exs:
-
I didn’t answer the question until I had
understood it carefully.
-
She didn’t play the match till she had
trained well.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No sooner than
Hardly + had + (
الفاعل ) + ( p.p. ) + ….
+ when + ( الفاعل ) + (
ماضى بسيط )
Scarcely ( حدث أول ) when ( حدث ثانى )
Exs:
-
No sooner had we finished our exams than we
traveled to Alex.
-
Hardly had they known the news when they phoned me.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
no sooner than
( الفاعل ) + had + hardly + ( p.p.) + …. + when + ( الفاعل ) + (
ماضى بسيط )
scarcely when
Ex:
-
He had no sooner left the house than it
began to rain.
-
He had hardly left the house when it
began to rain.
Note The Following
* يأتى بعد ( After ) أو ( Before ) Ü ( v + ing ) .... إذا لم
يأتى بعدهم فاعل .
Exs:
* After he had played the match, he went home. ( playing )
Þ After playing the match, he went home.
* Before he killed the man, he bought a big knife. ( Killing )
Þ Before killing the man, he bought a big knife.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* من الممكن أن تحل ( Having ) بدلا من ( After ) ... وتكون
القاعدة كالآتى :
Having
+ ( p.p. ) + …….. + ( فاعل ) + ( ماضى بسيط )
Ex:
* After he had finished his work, he went out. ( Having )
Þ Having finished his work, he went home.
---------------------------------------------------------
Immediately on + ( V + ing ) / ( Noun )
Ex:
* He had hardly arrived when the phone rang. ( Immediately )
Þ Immediately on his arrival, the phone rang.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------