الرئيسية
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Grammar
If :إذا – لو
If ( Zero
)
If ( Zero ) Present Simple
Present Simple
مضارع بسيط مضارع بسيط
Ex:
-
If we heat a
bar of metal, it expands.
-
If water is
frozen, it turns into ice.
-
If I feel
tired, I go to bed.
-
تستخدم الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن أحداث واقعية أو حقائق علمية .
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If ( 1 )
If ( 1 ) Present
Simple (will / can / may) + ( المصدر )
مضارع بسيط
Exs:
-
تستخدم الحالة الأولى للتعبير عن
حدث مستقبلى .
-
If Ali trains
hard, he will win the match.
-
تعبر عن عمل توقعات ووعود فى المستقبل .
-
If I find his
phone number, I’ll ring you.
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If ( 2 )
If
( 2 ) Past Simple (would / could / might) + ( المصدر )
ماضى بسيط
Exs:
-
تستخدم الحالة الثانية للتعبير عن موقف خيالى أو غير حقيقى .
-
If you fell,
you would hurt yourself.
-
تعبر عن شئ غير محتمل حدوثه .
-
If I had a lot
of money, I’d buy a new car.
-
تعبر عن إعطاء النصيحة .
-
If I were you,
I’d give up smoking.
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If ( 3 )
If ( 3 ) Past Perfect (would / could / might) + have + P.P
ماضى تام
-
تعبر عن مواقف مستحيلة لأنها لم تحدث فى الماضى .
Exs:
-
If he had run
quickly, he’d have won the race.
-
If he had
played well, he wouldn’t have lost the match.
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* عند إستخدام ( If ) لربط جملتين
.... نتبع الخطوات التالية :
1- نحدد الرابط
بين الجملتين .
- إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( so & therefore & thus
& consequently ) ... يحذف الرابط ولا نعكس الجملتين .
- إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( because & since & as ) ... يحذف
الرابط ونعكس الجملتين .
2- تحديد الحالة
لــ (
If )
.
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى مستقبل أو أمر ..... نستخدم الحالة الأولى .
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى مضارع ..... نستخدم الحالة الثانية .
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى ماضى ..... نستخدم الحالة الثالثة .
3- ننفى المثبت
ونثبت المنفى .
( من الممكن الإستغناء عن هذه الخطوة إذا كانت الحالة
المستخدمة لــ ( If ) هى الحالة الأولى )
Exs:
* Perhaps he will come tomorrow. If so, I’ll meet him. ( If )
----» If he comes tomorrow, I will meet him.
* Hurry up or you won’t catch the train. (
If )
----» If you hurry up, you will catch the train.
لاحظ
·
إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( or ) ... نحذف الرابط ... تتغير جملة واحدة من الجملتين من حيث النفى
والإثبات .
* He doesn’t take any exercise, so he is fat. ( If )
----» If he took some exercise, he wouldn’t be fat.
* She didn’t study hard, so she failed the exam. ( If )
----» If she had studied hard, she wouldn’t have
failed the exam.
* He isn’t rich, so he won’t buy the car. ( If )
----» If he were rich, he would buy the car.
لاحظ
·
إذا كان فعل الجملة الأولى ( am / is / are ) .... تحول إلى ( were ) مع جميع
الضمائر .
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If
In case of Without = But for
+ +
( v + ing ) & ( Noun ) ( v +
ing ) & ( Noun )
Exs:
* If he studied hard, he would join the faculty of medicine. ( In case of )
----» In case of studying hard, he would join the
faculty of medicine.
* If she doesn’t attend the party, she won’t see the movie star. ( Without )
----» Without attending the party, she won’t see the
movie star.
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Without = But
for
If it weren’t for If it hadn’t been for
Exs:
* Without his apology, I wouldn’t forgive him. ( If it )
----» If it weren’t for his apology, I wouldn’t
forgive him.
* But for playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won the cup. ( If it )
----» If it hadn’t been for playing well, El-Ahly
wouldn’t have won the cup.
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Unless = If not
·
عند إستخدام ( Unless ) بدلا من ( If ) ... نعكس حالة
إحدى الجملتين ( سواء كانت فعل الشرط أو جواب الشرط ) من حيث النفى والاثبات ...
مع ملاحظة الحفاظ على الجملة التى تلى ( Unless )
( أى فعل الشرط ) مثبتا .
Exs:
* If you didn’t read the book carefully, you wouldn’t understand it. ( Unless )
----» Unless you read the book carefully, you wouldn’t
understand it.
* If Ali studied hard, he would join the faculty of
medicine. ( Unless )
----» Unless Ali studied hard, he wouldn’t join the
faculty of medicine.
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Note
The Following
If
( 1 )
Should :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Should ) بدلا من ( If ) وتصبح القاعدة
كالآتى :
Should + ( الفاعل ) + (
المصدر )
Ex:
* If she studies hard, she
will get high marks. ( Should )
----» Should she study hard, she will get high marks.
2- Were :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Were ) بدلا من ( If ) بطريقتين :
1- إذا كانت ( Were ) موجودة فى
الجملة تحول الجملة بالطريقة التالية :
Were + ( الفاعل ) +
…………..
Ex:
* If she were a doctor, she
would help us. ( Were )
----» Were she a doctor, she would help us.
2- إذا كانت ( Were ) غير موجودة فى الجملة تحول الجملة
بالطريقة التالية :
Were + ( الفاعل ) + to
+ ( المصدر )
Ex:
* If he trained well, he would
win the cup. ( Were )
----» Were he to train well, he would win the cup.
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3- Had :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Had ) بدلا من ( If ) وتصبح القاعدة
كالآتى :
Had + ( الفاعل ) +
…………
Ex:
* If he had played the match
well, he would have won the cup. ( Had
)
----» Had he played the match well, he would have won the
cup.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If :إذا – لو
If ( Zero
)
If ( Zero ) Present Simple
Present Simple
مضارع بسيط مضارع بسيط
Ex:
-
If we heat a
bar of metal, it expands.
-
If water is
frozen, it turns into ice.
-
If I feel
tired, I go to bed.
-
تستخدم الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن أحداث واقعية أو حقائق علمية .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If ( 1 )
If ( 1 ) Present
Simple (will / can / may) + ( المصدر )
مضارع بسيط
Exs:
-
تستخدم الحالة الأولى للتعبير عن
حدث مستقبلى .
-
If Ali trains
hard, he will win the match.
-
تعبر عن عمل توقعات ووعود فى المستقبل .
-
If I find his
phone number, I’ll ring you.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If ( 2 )
If
( 2 ) Past Simple (would / could / might) + ( المصدر )
ماضى بسيط
Exs:
-
تستخدم الحالة الثانية للتعبير عن موقف خيالى أو غير حقيقى .
-
If you fell,
you would hurt yourself.
-
تعبر عن شئ غير محتمل حدوثه .
-
If I had a lot
of money, I’d buy a new car.
-
تعبر عن إعطاء النصيحة .
-
If I were you,
I’d give up smoking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If ( 3 )
If ( 3 ) Past Perfect (would / could / might) + have + P.P
ماضى تام
-
تعبر عن مواقف مستحيلة لأنها لم تحدث فى الماضى .
Exs:
-
If he had run
quickly, he’d have won the race.
-
If he had
played well, he wouldn’t have lost the match.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
* عند إستخدام ( If ) لربط جملتين
.... نتبع الخطوات التالية :
1- نحدد الرابط
بين الجملتين .
- إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( so & therefore & thus
& consequently ) ... يحذف الرابط ولا نعكس الجملتين .
- إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( because & since & as ) ... يحذف
الرابط ونعكس الجملتين .
2- تحديد الحالة
لــ (
If )
.
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى مستقبل أو أمر ..... نستخدم الحالة الأولى .
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى مضارع ..... نستخدم الحالة الثانية .
- إذا كان زمن الجملة الأولى ماضى ..... نستخدم الحالة الثالثة .
3- ننفى المثبت
ونثبت المنفى .
( من الممكن الإستغناء عن هذه الخطوة إذا كانت الحالة
المستخدمة لــ ( If ) هى الحالة الأولى )
Exs:
* Perhaps he will come tomorrow. If so, I’ll meet him. ( If )
----» If he comes tomorrow, I will meet him.
* Hurry up or you won’t catch the train. (
If )
----» If you hurry up, you will catch the train.
لاحظ
·
إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين ( or ) ... نحذف الرابط ... تتغير جملة واحدة من الجملتين من حيث النفى
والإثبات .
* He doesn’t take any exercise, so he is fat. ( If )
----» If he took some exercise, he wouldn’t be fat.
* She didn’t study hard, so she failed the exam. ( If )
----» If she had studied hard, she wouldn’t have
failed the exam.
* He isn’t rich, so he won’t buy the car. ( If )
----» If he were rich, he would buy the car.
لاحظ
·
إذا كان فعل الجملة الأولى ( am / is / are ) .... تحول إلى ( were ) مع جميع
الضمائر .
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If
In case of Without = But for
+ +
( v + ing ) & ( Noun ) ( v +
ing ) & ( Noun )
Exs:
* If he studied hard, he would join the faculty of medicine. ( In case of )
----» In case of studying hard, he would join the
faculty of medicine.
* If she doesn’t attend the party, she won’t see the movie star. ( Without )
----» Without attending the party, she won’t see the
movie star.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Without = But
for
If it weren’t for If it hadn’t been for
Exs:
* Without his apology, I wouldn’t forgive him. ( If it )
----» If it weren’t for his apology, I wouldn’t
forgive him.
* But for playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won the cup. ( If it )
----» If it hadn’t been for playing well, El-Ahly
wouldn’t have won the cup.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless = If not
·
عند إستخدام ( Unless ) بدلا من ( If ) ... نعكس حالة
إحدى الجملتين ( سواء كانت فعل الشرط أو جواب الشرط ) من حيث النفى والاثبات ...
مع ملاحظة الحفاظ على الجملة التى تلى ( Unless )
( أى فعل الشرط ) مثبتا .
Exs:
* If you didn’t read the book carefully, you wouldn’t understand it. ( Unless )
----» Unless you read the book carefully, you wouldn’t
understand it.
* If Ali studied hard, he would join the faculty of
medicine. ( Unless )
----» Unless Ali studied hard, he wouldn’t join the
faculty of medicine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
The Following
If
( 1 )
Should :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Should ) بدلا من ( If ) وتصبح القاعدة
كالآتى :
Should + ( الفاعل ) + (
المصدر )
Ex:
* If she studies hard, she
will get high marks. ( Should )
----» Should she study hard, she will get high marks.
2- Were :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Were ) بدلا من ( If ) بطريقتين :
1- إذا كانت ( Were ) موجودة فى
الجملة تحول الجملة بالطريقة التالية :
Were + ( الفاعل ) +
…………..
Ex:
* If she were a doctor, she
would help us. ( Were )
----» Were she a doctor, she would help us.
2- إذا كانت ( Were ) غير موجودة فى الجملة تحول الجملة
بالطريقة التالية :
Were + ( الفاعل ) + to
+ ( المصدر )
Ex:
* If he trained well, he would
win the cup. ( Were )
----» Were he to train well, he would win the cup.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- Had :
- من الممكن أن تحل ( Had ) بدلا من ( If ) وتصبح القاعدة
كالآتى :
Had + ( الفاعل ) +
…………
Ex:
* If he had played the match
well, he would have won the cup. ( Had
)
----» Had he played the match well, he would have won the
cup.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------